Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries.

BACKGROUND: A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding (BF) is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results. The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for > 6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants. AIM: To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion, with particular attention to low- and middle-income countries, by studying geographic, socioeconomic, and individual or neonatal health factors. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States. The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes: (1) Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America; and (2) individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants. RESULTS: This study identified maternal age, educational level, maternal economic capacity, social stratum, exposure to BF substitutes, access to BF information, and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF. CONCLUSION: Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.

Social robotics as an adjuvant during the hospitalization process in pediatric oncology patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of implementing social robotics as an adjuvant during the hospitalization process in pediatric oncology patients. METHODS: Before and after cohort study, applying an intervention with the Lego Mindstorms EV3 kit in patients between 8 and 17 years old that are hospitalized with a cancer diagnosis. We excluded patients from the intensive care unit or when their treating physician recommended so. The intervention consisted of a three-phase workshop: an open architecture story, building a car robot using the Lego Mindstorm EV3 kit, and cooperative playing activities such as races and passing obstacles. RESULTS: Thirteen patients received the intervention with robotic lego. The median age was 15 years (IQR = 3), and 84.6% of the population (n = 11) were male. We found significant improvement in the language (topic management p = .011 and communicative intention p = .034). Other characteristics improved, but not significantly (self-care activities index, catching). No adverse events occurred during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study suggest that implementing social robotics during hospitalization in children with cancer is a therapeutic adjuvant and safe intervention that promotes better communication, self-care, and a physical activity improvement. For future studies, the impact of this intervention could be measured in hospitalized pediatric cancer patients.

Palliative home care: health-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between physical symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people enrolled in a palliative home care programme in Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: A quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. 123 people, chronically ill and enrolled in a palliative home care programme, participated. Convenience sampling was used, and data were collected during home visits. RESULTS: The HRQOL was perceived as fair by 42.3% of the participants, and the overall score was below the expected mean value (140.5). The psychological dimension score was also below the mean, while above-average results were obtained in the physical, social and spiritual dimensions. Pain (78.2%), insomnia (82.3%) and tiredness (77.4%) were the most altered symptoms. Statistically significant differences were found between HRQOL and educational level, occupation, low socioeconomic strata and religious commitment. Statistically significant associations were found between depression and the psychological dimension (r=0.208; p=0.020) and between depression and overall HRQOL (r=0.181; p=0.045). No relationship was observed between HRQOL and physical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Palliative home care programmes should thoroughly address psychological aspects, such as depression and anxiety, to ensure the best quality of life possible for the patients they assist.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Caregivers of People Receiving Palliative Home Care.

Primary caregivers face constant challenges because of changes in the clinical situation of the person receiving palliative home care. These changes can alter the health-related quality of life and all its dimensions. This study aimed to describe the health-related quality of life of 137 primary caregivers of people enrolled in a palliative home care program in Bogotá, Colombia, applying a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design. The Caregiver's Quality of Life Instrument, initially developed by Ferrell, and the sociodemographic characteristics form for caregivers of people with chronic disease, both previously validated in the Colombian population, were used. The results showed that the primary caregivers have a good and adequate overall health-related quality of life; however, they presented some alterations in the physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Therefore, nursing and interdisciplinary palliative care teams should aim their interventions not only at patients but also at primary caregivers during palliative home care.

Soporte social percibido y calidad de vida de personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal / Perceived social support and quality of life of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal transplantation

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el soporte social y la calidad de vida percibida de personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal y abordaje cuantitativo. Participaron 210 personas con trasplante renal que asistieron a su control mensual en una institución privada prestadora de servicios de salud. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Calidad de vida versión paciente de Betty Ferrell, Soporte social percibido de Hilbert y el Formato de caracterización sociodemográfica para persona con enfermedad crónica del Grupo de Cuidado al Paciente Crónico de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El análisis de asociación se realizó mediante la determinación de los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y de Spearman, utilizando el programa SPSSS Versión 17.0 Resultados: Las características sociodemográficas de las personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal fueron: mayoría hombres, edades entre 18 y 60 años, estado civil casados, estrato socioeconómico 2, nivel educativo bachillerato, ocupación trabajadores independientes. La percepción de calidad de vida en general fue alta, especialmente en la dimensión física. El soporte social percibido en la mayoría de los casos fue alto, reportándose los mayores puntajes en las dimensiones guía y en la interacción social, mientras que los menores, en la interacción personal. No se identificó correlación estadísticamente significativa entre calidad de vida y soporte social percibido en personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a un trasplante renal. Conclusión: Para este estudio, la calidad de vida en personas sometidas a trasplante renal no se relacionó con el soporte social percibido, aspecto que puede estar relacionado con factores que requieren ser explorados mediante abordajes cualitativos que reconozcan elementos propios de la experiencia de cronicidad y que hacen parte de la calidad de vida percibida por parte de los usuarios. Así mismo, se deben explorar otro tipo de variables tales como las complicaciones, el tipo de tratamiento farmacológico y las variables sociodemográficas, que pueden correlacionarse con la calidad de vida percibida.

Objective: To establish the relationship between social support and perceived quality of life of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing kidney transplantation. Method: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional quantitative approach. 210 people participated transplanted, attending monthly control Colombiana de Trasplantes SA in 2011. We applied the instruments Quality of life patient version of Betty Ferrell, Perceived social support of Hilbert and Characterization format for individual socio-demographic with chronic disease of Chronic Patient Care Group of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. The association analysis was performed by determining the Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman, using the program Version 17.0 SPSSS. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing kidney transplantation are mostly men, aged between 18 to 60 years, married status, socioeconomic status 2, high school educated, self-employed occupation. The overall perceived quality is high being the spiritual, psychological and social, the most affected. Perceived social support in most cases is high, reporting the highest scores in the dimensions guide, social interaction, children in personal interaction. No statistically significant correlation was identified between quality of life and perceived social support in people with chronic kidney disease undergoing kidney transplantation. Conclusion: Aspects that can be related to other factors that need to be explored through qualitative approaches that recognize specific elements of the experience of chronicity and they are part of the quality of life perceived by users. Also should explore other variables such as complications, type of drug treatment and socio-demographic variables, which can be correlated with the perceived quality of life.

Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o suporte social e a qualidade de vida percebida de pessoas com doença renal crônicasubmetidas a transplante renal. Método: Estudo descritivo correlacional, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 210 pessoas com transplante renal que assistiram a controle mensal em uma instituição privada prestadora de serviços de saúde. Aplicaram-se os instrumentos Qualidade de vida versão paciente de Betty Ferrell, Suporte social percebido de Hilbert e o Formato de caraterização sociodemográfica para pessoa com doençacrônica do Grupo de Cuidado ao Paciente Crônico da Universidad Nacional da Colombia. A análise de associação se realizou mediante a determinação dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e de Spearman, utilizando o programa SPSSS Versão 17.0. Resultados: As caraterísticas sociodemográficas das pessoas com doença renal crônicasubmetidas a transplante renal foram: maioria homens, faixa etária entre 18 e 60 anos, de estado civil casados, estrato socioeconômico 2, nível educativo ensino médio, ocupaçãotrabalhadores independentes. A percepção de qualidade de vida em geral foi alta, especialmente na dimensão física. O suporte social percebido na maioria dos casos foi alto, reportando-se as maiores pontuaçõesnas dimensõesguia e na interação social, por enquanto que os mais baixos, na interaçãopessoal. Não se identificou correlaçãoestatisticamente significativa entre qualidade de vida e suporte social percebido em pessoas com doença renal crônicasubmetidas a um transplante renal. Conclusão: Para este estudo, a qualidade de vida em pessoas submetidas a transplante renal não se relaciona com o suporte percebido, aspecto que pode estar relacionado com fatores que requerem ser explorados mediante abordagens qualitativos que reconheçam elementos próprios da experiência de cronicidade e que fazem parte da qualidade de vida percebida por parte dos usuários. Também, devem-se explorar outro tipo de variáveis sociodemográficas, que podem correlacionar-se com a qualidade de vida percebida.

Soporte social percibido y calidad de vida de personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal / Perceived social support and quality of life of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing kidney transplantation

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es una realidad creciente en Colombia y América Latina. El trasplante renal es una alternativa terapéutica cuyo propósito es mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que padecen la enfermedad. La experiencia de la persona sometida a un trasplante renal implica para el equipo de salud y en especial el profesional de enfermería, la generación de estrategias de soporte social centradas en la educación, guía y retroalimentación, que incidan sobre la adherencia al tratamiento, la disminución de complicaciones, y en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el soporte social percibido y la calidad de vida de la persona con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal. Método: Estudio descriptivo, de correlación, abordaje cuantitativo, de corte trasversal. Participaron 210 personas trasplantadas renales, distribuidas en tres grupos, que se dividen de acuerdo al tiempo que llevan de trasplante: menos de 6 meses, 1 a 2 años y 3 años o más. Instrumentos utilizados: "Calidad de vida versión paciente" QOL (por sus siglas en ingles) de Betty Ferrell, quien define la calidad de vida desde las dimensiones físicas, psicológicas, social y espiritual y el "Inventario de soporte social en enfermedad crónica" (SSCI) de G. Hilbert, que contempla cinco sub-escalas: interacción personal, guía, retroalimentación, ayuda tangible e interacción social. El análisis estadístico de correlación se realizo mediante la determinación de los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y de Spearman. Resultados: Las características socio demográficas de las personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal son: mayoría hombres, edades entre los 18 a 60 años, estado civil casados, estrato socioeconómico 2, nivel educativo bachillerato, ocupación trabajadores independientes. La calidad de vida se encuentra alterada en las dimensiones espiritual, psicológica y social, y en menor proporción la física. En el soporte social percibido, los mayores puntajes se identifican en las dimensiones guía, interacción social, los menores en la interacción personal. Finalmente no se identifica correlación estadística significativa entre calidad de vida y soporte social percibido en personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometida a un trasplante renal. Conclusiones: Al establecer la relación entre la calidad de vida y el soporte social en personas con enfermedad renal crónica sometidas a trasplante renal, se acepta la hipótesis nula de que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre las dos variables. Se requiere, a partir de estudios posteriores, qué otras variables inciden en la calidad de vida percibida, para consolidar propuestas de intervención en salud que tengan impacto sobre las necesidades sentidas por los usuarios.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a growing reality in Colombia and Latin America. This pathological entity has treatments that seek to contribute of the quality of people's life improvement who suffer from this disease, as renal transplant, the transplanted person has to have the knowledge about the treatment and how to live with the new organ, such tools are provided through the education which is part of social support. Nowadays, TICS are tools used to provide education on the part of nursing and thus contribute to the development of the Millennium Goals. Objective: To establish the relation between the perceived social support and the quality of life of the person with chronic kidney disease undergone to renal transplant. Method: This is a descriptive study of correlation and the cross section, quantitative approach. The study involved 210 transplanted people, divided into three groups, according to time that they are transplanted, less than 6 months, 1 to 2 years and 3 years or more. Instruments used: "Quality of Life patient version" QOL (for its initials in English) Betty Ferrell, who defines the quality of life from the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions and the "Inventory of social support in chronic disease" (SSCI) of G. Hilbert, where five subscales: personal interaction, guidance, feedback, tangible support and social interaction are complemented. Statistical analysis was performed by determining the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The socio demographic characteristics of people with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal transplantation are mostly men, aged 18 to 60 years, married marital status, socioeconomic status 2, and so on. The quality of life is altered in the psychological and social dimensions to a lesser extent the physic. The perceived social support, the highest scores are identified in the guide dimensions, social interaction, children in personal interaction. Finally do not identify significant statistic correlation between quality of life and perceived social supports in people with chronic kidney disease undergo a kidney transplant. Conclusions: To determine, from further studies, what other variables affect the perceived quality of life to consolidate health intervention proposals that impact on the felt needs of users. Since establishing the relationship between quality of life and social support in people with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal transplantation, we accept the null hypothesis that there is no statistical relationship between two variables.